Hucklbery Finn persuasive essay Essay

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Offensive Language in Literature In Mark Twain’s classic 1884 novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, regional and time-specific language is used in a way that offends some 21st century readers. Particular words are so disturbing that individuals across the country are still, to this day, attempting to have the book banned in schools and libraries. The idea that any book should be tucked away in a vault, let alone an example of a beloved American classic such as this, is ludacris and against what America stands for. Works of art, like this book, should be used to learn and to open up dialogue and analysis on both the piece itself and the society from which it came. With this particular Twain novel, we should be having a discussion about why the offending words are so offensive, and why it’s important that a record of these words and attitudes exist. Words carry weight, and the weight of the â€Å"N† word in Huckleberry Finn is heavy and dripping with sordid history. It is a term that holds an impassable amount of cultural appropriation and painful association. The word, used in a classic literary context, is then a perfect way to open up a dialogue about issues that are difficult to talk about. Political correctness, racial slurs, America’s dark past—these are all topics that can be used to teach young people how to have a gentle conversation about a torrid subject matter. Instead of banning the book and ignoring the past, we should be embracing the story and teaching people how to deal with the words in a tactful and progressive way. Moving forward from America’s shameful history of racism is difficult and taxing. But the only way we make steps to a new and more comfortable future is to learn from our past mistakes. Twain was a product of his time, putting words into the mouths of his characters that would easily have come from the mouths of real people. It’s also important to remember that the character of Huck Finn himself is anti-racist, so teaching the book to young people is not teaching racism, but acceptance. It is imperative to connect with the period of history that Huckleberry Finn comes from because shoving it to the side will only render us blind. Banning books is an effective way to censor, and censorship goes against a lot of what Americans believe to be a very important personal right. The right to free speech is sacred, and it is mostly untouched even in circumstances where highly polarizing or hateful words are being used. A work of fiction that integrates dialogue containing the â€Å"N† word may seem hateful to some, but it is certainly the intention of the author to use it in a context of satire. Censorship will just close the book when what we really need is to open it up in a different light. At a time when it is nearly impossible to find an adult engaged in a healthy debate or discussion, teaching our children how to think and speak analytically and fairly is a dire need. Using fictional novels such as Adventures of Huckleberry Finn as a jumping-off point of what used to be, and what has become, is the perfect opportunity for creating the ability to do this. By keeping books deemed controversial in rotation and out of the vault, we can begin to understand the preciousness of our own rights to speak our mind, as well as being able to speak to others with respect and with knowledge of the past. Downloaded from http://www. wikihow. com There are three possible organization patterns: Pattern 1: Thesis statement: PRO idea 1 PRO idea 2 CON(s) + Refutation(s) Conclusion Pattern 2: Thesis statement: CON(s) + Refutation(s) PRO idea 1 PRO idea 2 Conclusion Pattern 3: Thesis statement: CON idea 1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ>  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Refutation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CON idea 2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ>  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Refutation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CON idea 3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ>  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Refutation Conclusion The  sample essay  has been written according to the third pattern. Thesis:  Do Reiki instead of taking medicine. Counter arguments Refutation 1. People should trust medicine since it is effective and scientifically proven. —–> Reiki is also scientifically proven and does not have side effects. (refutation method: insufficient claim) 2. Serious illnesses such as HIV/AIDS and cancer cannot be treated without medicine. —–> Medicine also cannot treat serious illnesses if not diagnosed at an early stage. (refutation method: opponents are partially correct) 3. Reiki, like alternative healing methods, requires a lot of time. —–> Reiki requires less time if done regularly. refutation method: opponents are completely wrong) Language:  Signposts gain importance in the argumentative essay. They enable the readers to follow our arguments easily. When pointing out opposing arguments (CONs): Opponents of this idea claim / maintain that †¦Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Those who disagree / are against these ideas may say / assert that †¦ Some people may disagree with this idea. When stating specifically why they think like that: The put forward this idea because †¦ They claim that †¦ since †¦ Reaching the turning point: However, but On the other hand, When refuting the opposing idea, we may use the following strategies: compromise  but prove that their argument is not powerful enough: They have a point in thinking like that. To a certain extent they are right. completely  disagree: After seeing this evidence, there is no way we can agree with what they say. say that their argument is  irrelevant  to the topic: What we are discussing here is not what they are trying to prove. Their argument is irrelevant. HEALTH AND HEALING AT YOUR FINGERTIPS Throw out the bottles and boxes of drugs in your house. A new theory suggests that medicine could be bad for your health, which should at least come as good news to people who cannot afford to buy expensive medicine. However, it is a blow to the medicine industry, and an even bigger blow to our confidence in the progress of science. This new theory argues that healing is at our fingertips: we can be healthy by doing Reiki on a regular basis. Supporters of medical treatment argue that medicine should be trusted since it is effective and scientifically proven. They say that there is no need for spiritual methods such as Reiki, Yoga, Tai Chi. These waste our time, something which is quite precious in our material world. There is medicine that can kill our pain, x-rays that show us our fractured bones or MRI that scans our brain for tumors. We must admit that these methods are very effective in the examples that they provide. However, there are some â€Å"every day complaints† such as back pains, headaches, insomnia, which are treated currently with medicine. When you have a headache, you take an Aspirin, or  Vermidon, when you cannot sleep, you take  Xanax  without thinking of the side effects of these. When you use these pills for a long period, you become addicted to them; you cannot sleep without them. We pay huge amounts of money and become addicted instead of getting better. How about a safer and more economical way of healing? When doing Reiki to yourself, you do not need anything except your energy so it is very economical. As for its history, it was discovered in  Japan  in the early 1900s and its popularity has spread particularly throughout  America  and  Western Europe. In quantum physics, energy is recognized as the fundamental substance of which the universe is composed. Reiki depends on the energy within our bodies. It is a simple and effective way of restoring the energy flow. There are no side effects and it is scientifically explained. Opponents of alternative healing methods also claim that serious illnesses such as HIV/AIDS and cancer cannot be treated without drugs. They think so because these patients spend the rest of their lives in the hospital taking medicine. How can Reiki make these people healthy again? It is very unfortunate that these patients have to live in the hospital losing their hair because of chemotherapy, losing weight because of the side effects of the medicine they take. Actually, it is common knowledge that except for when the cancer is diagnosed at an early stage, drugs also cannot treat AIDS or cancer. Most of the  medicinethese patients use are to ease their pain and their sufferings because of the medical treatment they undergo. Instead of drugs which are expensive and have many side effects, you can use your energy to overcome the hardships of life, find an emotional balance, leave the stress of everyday life and let go of the everyday worries. Most of the chronic conditions such as eczema or migraine are known to have causes such as poor diet and stress. Deep-rooted anger or other strong emotions can contribute to viral infections as well. Since balancing our emotions and controlling our thoughts are very important for our well-being, we should definitely start learning Reiki and avoid illnesses before it is too late. Some people may still maintain that in our material world, everything depends on time. It is even â€Å"lacking time† that causes much of the stress that leads to the illnesses we mentioned. How would it be possible to find time to do Reiki to ourselves and the people around us when we cannot even find time to go to the theater? This is one good thing about Reiki; it does not require more than 15 minutes of our time. There is no need for changing clothes or special equipment. It is a wonderfully simple healing art, an effective method of relaxation and stress-relief. Most important of all, it is less time consuming than medicine if we think of all the time we spend taking medicine for some complaints and taking some more for the side effects as well. Having said these, resistance to Reiki would be quite illogical. Reiki is natural and drug-free. What is more, it is easy to learn by anyone, regardless of age and experience. It  can be used anywhere, anytime. It also enhances physical, mental, emotional and spiritual well-being and the benefits last a lifetime. It is definitely high time to get away from the drug boxes we store in our drug cabinet! _________________________________________________________________________ utline I Introduction/Thesis-Claim Body Paragraph  1: Present your 1st point and supporting evidence. Body Paragraph 2: Present your 2nd point and it’s supporting evidence. Body Paragraph 3:  Refuteyour opposition’s first point. Body Paragraph 4:  Refuteyour opposition’s second point. Conclusion/Restate Thesis Outline II Introduction/Thesis-Claim Body Paragraph  1:  Refuteyour opposition’s first point. Body Paragraph 2:  Refuteyour opposition’s second point. Body Paragraph 3: Present your first point and supporting evidence. Body Paragraph 4: Present your second point and supporting evidence. Conclusion/Restate Thesis Outline III Introduction/Thesis-Claim Body Paragraph  1: Present your first point and it’s supporting evidence, which also  refutes  one of your opposition’s claims. Body Paragraph 2: Present your second point and it’s supporting evidence, which also  refutes  a second opposition claim. Body Paragraph 3: Present your third point and it’s supporting evidence, which also  refutes  a third opposition claim. Conclusion/Restate Thesis 3 Additional Outlines that You Can Print: Basic 5-Paragraph (Argument) Essay Outline: This outline also serves for other essays such as research papers, or the basic 5-paragraph essay. Highlight-and-print outline to fill in. Another Argument Essay Outline:  This outline asks questions that help you critically think about your topic. Highlight-and-print outline to fill in. Argument/Research Paper Outline Guide: This outline can help guide you through a series of questions. You can highlight-and-print this outline, but it’s not a fill-in-the-blank outline; use it as a guide. Many of my students like to use this outline for both research papers and argumentative papers. Basic 5-Paragraph (Argument) Essay Outline:

A Report on the Economic Recovery in Britain in the 1930s

A report on the economic recovery in Britain in the 1930s In the 1930s Britain’s workers was experiencing signs of affluence. All this extra money was due to the living standard going up by 15 percent. This meant the money didn’t come from wages being increased but the cost of living decreased. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) The affluence also came from the gross domestic product rate. In 1922 to 1938 the rate rose to the average of 2. 1 percent per annum. The rates were a lot better than the years before the war which were at 1. 1 percent in 1900 to 1913.However, growth rates were very similar to the rates of the second half of the nineteenth century; this rate was at 2 percent in the 1856 to 1899. In the 1930s, the rate grew faster than the 1920s as between 1932 and 1937 the rate nearly rose to 4 percent per annum. This mean that Britain held her place and held on her own in the thirties which meant Britain picked herself up compared to the twenties when she lost her pl ace. Housing Act The housing boom was just one of the ways that the affluence affected Britain. The housing act was also evidence of the affluence which could be seen for it.By 1939 one in three families were living in houses which were built since 1929. Between both wars a massive four million houses were built. However, nearly half of the houses were built by private developments. The private developments were growing mainly in the south east. All the houses were built with a new standard of living, even the other half of the houses built, which were council houses. The council houses were put up for rent. As all houses had a new standard of living, the fitments included baths, hot water and proper kitchen. Particularly in the private sector, the houses came to form the new suburbs.Each home would also have a garden of a decent size and quality. Motor Vehicles Motor vehicles were just one of the industries which led the way. This was even included in a new range of industries that emerged and played an important part in the growth of Britain. In fact in 1924 USA was the world’s main manufacturer by a wide margin. France was Europe’s largest producer with 145,000 vehicles, leaving Britain trailing along second with the 116,000 vehicles being produced. However, by 1937 British production had tripled to 379,000 and Britain took the lead in Europe, followed by Germany with 277,000.Oxford (Morris) and Birmingham (Austin) were the main manufacturing centres. Electrical engineering Electrical engineering grew at between 4 and 5 percent per annum throughout the inter-war period. Electrical engineering was just another new industry for Britain. In the 1930s electricity consumption increased by 70 percent per head. This was fire to the creation of the central electricity board in 1926 and the national grid. Both of these electricity supplies gave a boost to the industry. Britain and France led Europe and USA wasn’t far behind.Examples of the incre ase of consumption were that in 1919 there were 730,000 consumers and then in 1938 the number of consumers grew to nine million. Other developments grew and reflected the fact that more and more people were spending money, which meant they had money. Most towns would have their own Woolworths and Marks and Spencer’s and new magazines like ‘Woman’s Own’ in 1932. These new magazines appeared which included features on clothes and consumer durables. Wireless industry Wireless manufacturers created the British Broadcasting Corporation which is now known as the BBC in 1922.This was to provide programs that would encourage people to buy their products and spend. The BBC became part of the government charter which then started to be financed by a license fee in 1927. The BBC broadcasted to most areas of Britain but they were focused in Daventry in a radio station in 1925. By 1938 around 2 million radios were sold each year. This was known as wireless. The price h ad decreased from ? 30 in 1920 to around ? 7. Other electrical goods which found a mass market were vacuum cleaners and electric irons. Entertainment The cinema took the entertainment industry by a storm. In 1934 there were 4300 cinemas in Britain. 0 million people per week were attending the films on through the weeks. Audiences were huge, some cinemas were able to seat 1000 people, and some were as big as 4000 seats. The larger cinemas were based in Glasgow and Croydon. The four biggest companies which controlled the marker by the 1930s were Gaumont-British, the Associated British Picture Corporation, Odeon and Granda. Even though there was a British industry, American films were preferred. This was because Hollywood had already dominated the world’s film industry and audience surveys usually showed that American films were preferred.Even the unemployed could afford to go to the cinema as the tickets were so cheap. 80 percent of the unemployed youth of Liverpool and Glasgow went to the cinema at least once a week. An unemployed Londoner told a researcher in 1932, â€Å"The pictures (cinema) are my first choice because they make you think for a little while that life is alright†. At least 14 percent of British industrial production in 1924 had been accounted for by these new industries. This proportion increased to 20 percent by 1935. The proportion of the staple industries in the same period had decreased from 37 percent to 28 percent.

Age and Gender Differences on Fear of Crime

Age and Gender Differences on Fear of Crime The current study aimed to investigate age and gender effects on fear of crime and their relationships with attitude towards prisoner and crime, life satisfaction, living arrangement and religion in a Chinese sample. 170 undergraduate and postgraduate students, with a mean age of 21.9 years, participated in this study. Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire on fear of crime. In general, women reported significantly greater fear of crime than men. A factor analysis was performed and two factors were extracted: â€Å"fear of being cheated† and â€Å"fear of physical harm†. An age-gender interaction effect was found after controlling the variable of â€Å"attitude towards prisoner†. Results indicated that older females had higher levels of fear of being cheated than males. Yet, gender and age differences in fear of fraud victimizations are a largely unexplored area. Additional research is needed to examine how women’s fear of being cheated varie s with age. Introduction Fear of crime has received considerable attention in the criminological studies. Over the last few decades, research has been carried out to explore how fear of crime is explained and handled by society. Information about fear of crime not only help us to understand and interpret what fear of crime meant for individuals and societies, but also facilitate government to develop active plans to tackle public’s fear. Anxieties about crime may lead to behavioral adaptation, e.g. taking precautions against crime and avoiding certain places. Nonetheless, public anxieties about crime may also have negative consequences for the individual and for society. For example, they may exacerbate the impact of crime by damaging an individual’s quality of life or may affect the community by deteriorating a shared sense of trust, cohesion, and social control (Jackson, 2006). The concept of fear of crime and its causation is widely examined in the criminological fi eld, but there is a lack of agreement on the definition of ‘fear of crime’. Fear of crime may involve two different concepts: an ‘evaluative’ component and an ’emotional’ component (Skogen, 1984). For instance, Hollway and Jefferson (1997) referred crime fear as ‘irrational’ response in which the ‘rational, calculating individuals who routinely miscalculate their â€Å"true† risk of crime’; whereas Ferraro (1995) suggested that fear of crime is ‘an emotional reaction of dread or anxiety to crime or symbols that a person associates with crime’. Past research has identified a number of factors which appear to make a contribution to fear, such as age, gender, race, vulnerability, neighbourhood cohesion, personal knowledge of crime and victimization, confidence in police and criminal justice systems, perception of risk, and assessment of offence seriousness (Box, Hale and Andrews, 1988). However, the c urrent study will focus mainly on age and gender effects on fear of crime. Gender and Age Effects It is well-documented that women are more fearful of becoming a victim of crime than men despite the fact that they are less often victimized by serious violent crime (Pain, 2001; Fetchenhauer and Buunk, 2005). Over the past decades, researchers have proposed different approaches to resolve the â€Å"fear victimization paradox†: (1) hidden victimization of women; (2) gender tendencies of women to recall victimization experience, and to generalize fear from one context to another; (3) vulnerability of women; and (4) male discount of fear. Most crime surveys have shown that the levels of violence against women (e.g. domestic violence) are far higher than men; therefore it has been argued that women are not ‘irrationally’ fearful of crime. It is because women and elderly under-report their actual victimization, and thus they appear to be less victimized (Pain, 2001). Ho wever, some have suggested that women tend to ‘generalize’ the actual experience of victimization across spatial contexts than men (Pain, 1995; Farraro, 1995). Warr (1984) found that fear of sexual assault operated as a â€Å"master offense† among women and their fear of sexual assault influenced fear of nonpersonal crimes, such as burglary. Yet, still others reported that males often discount their fear of crime (Smith and Torstensson, 1997). Previous literature has demonstrated that males are suppressed by the perception that it is not socially acceptable to express one’s fear; and when men are being perfectly honest, they may actually be more afraid of crime than women (Sutton and Farrall, 2005). On the other hand, the vulnerability hypothesis suggested that women are physically weaker than men and therefore they are less able to defend themselves against (typically male) perpetrators. A considerable amount of studies have also shown that that gender di fference in fear of crime often reflects gender difference in physical vulnerability (e.g. Smith and Torstensson, 1997).

Explain the four fundamental forces of the universe Research Paper

Explain the four fundamental forces of the universe - Research Paper Example ‎ The basic force that makes up our Universe is the force of gravity, which has the widest reach, yet it is the weakest of all four in its actual magnitude. It was the first force to be discovered, but it is the least understood of all. Gravity in its nature is purely attractive, it travels through even a void of empty space to bring and create attraction between the two masses bringing them towards each other. This is the force that keeps the planets including Earth orbiting around the Sun, as well as the Moon that orbits around the Earth. The force carrying particle responsible for gravity is known as gravitation. The theory of general relativity defines gravitation as being the curve of space-time engulfing an object that has mass. This curvature then makes a situation in which the path with least energy is in direction of the other object with mass. From normal person’s perspective it may seem unlikely that gravity is defined as being a weak force as it can operate across great distances. This however holds true as on the subatomic level the force that gravity exerts is a much weaker than electromagnetic forces (Sukys 51). The electromagnetism is interaction between the particles carrying an electrical charge. The magnetic and electric effects like interaction of the bar magnets or repulsion of electrical charges are caused by the electromagnetic force. The charged particles that at rest have an interaction through the electrostatic forces, in motion use both the magnetic as well as electrical forces to interact. The magnetic and electrical forces were seen to be different for quite some time; eventually in 1864 they were finally unified by work of James Maxwell in what came to be known as Maxwell’s equations. Photon is the force carrying particle responsible for transmitting the electromagnetic force. Electromagnetism was consolidated with the quantum physics

Planning my assignment on a case study of child typical development Essay

Planning my assignment on a case study of child typical development - Essay Example Low self-esteem is triggered by the child’s inability to interact academically with his peers. Peccei (2006) identify schemas as the bridging gaps between low literacy levels and improvements. The one on one assistance issued to the student acts as a schema based on Piaget theory to literacy development. The 17 year old lacks organisational skills that are essential to literacy development. There is need to identify the student’s environment and plan based on these environments. Cognitive abilities enable students to identify tasks and perform them based on priorities and allocation. The environment around the child if effective, this is enhanced by the fact that both the teachers and parents are interested in his development. In assisting the student, various aspects would be considered. Basic cognitive abilities need to be identified upon which literacy development stages would be introduced to the student to enhance his learning. Once the student identifies priorities, different study schedule should be designed. This will enable the student identify the key areas of development and perfect on

Thought Paper on Dahl Book Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Thought Paper on Dahl Book - Essay Example Two main themes stand out from Dahl’s analysis – his look at the ‘profound ignorance’ (p.7) of the Framers of America’s future, and thus the need to periodically amend it, and the fact that it has not been adopted by other democratic countries. Dahl begins with the basics, asking why we should uphold the Constitution, and stating that his aim ‘is not to propose changes in the American Constitution but to suggest changes in the way we think about our constitution’ (p.1). His book starts on the right note by immediately admitting the imperfection of American constitutional arrangements – at the Constitutional Convention held in Philadelphia, Rhode Island sent no delegates, while those from New Hampshire arrived weeks late. Not only was this an irregular start, but Dahl rightly asks why Americans should still feel bound to a document signed by only 39 men, some of whom owned slaves. When Dahl notes that there had never since been a r eferendum on it, one wonders if perhaps there should have been. Dahl is not unduly harsh to the Framers of the Constitution, recognizing that they were a product of their times, and that ‘Judged from later, more democratic perspectives’, the document has many shortcomings (p. 15). However, given this fact, Dahl is right that Americans should look upon it as the work of mortal men, and a practical and changing document, rather than a sacred text to be preserved. For example, with slavery, it was clear that the delegates from the southern states would never accept anything which didn’t allow slavery to continue, and so it was allowed for the sake of a strong federal government. Again, with the unequal representation in the Senate – a point which arises repeatedly in Dahl’s work as a weak point of the Constitution – the smaller states would never have accepted anything less than equal representation with the larger states. There is a tendency to assume that, because the Constitution retains the support of most Americans, and because of the idealistic portrayal of its origins, its status as a basically good document need not be questioned. What is most striking about Dahl’s work is his comparison of the American Constitution with that of other countries with a strong democratic tradition, out of which comes one major point – if the American Constitution was such a wonderful document, surely it would have been adapted by other countries seeking a democratic model. As Dahl himself writes, ‘Many Americans appear to believe that our constitution has been a model for the rest of the democratic world’, but of the 22 other democracies analyzed, America is unique (p.41). Some countries share some aspects of the US constitution, such as its federalism, or its strong judicial review mechanisms, but none has several key features in common. Especially interesting in this regard is the American presidential sy stem, which allows for a uniquely powerful head of state, who, since the office is now filled by popular election, is like ‘a monarch and prime minister rolled into one’ (p.72). We must agree with the author that such a powerful position does not really seem appropriate in a modern democracy. However, this is not the worst of the defects of the constitution as it now stands. More

Kraft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Kraft - Essay Example Kraft Foods Inc. has a reputable financial history as depicted from the previous year’s revenues. For instance, in the year 2013 ending, the company registered net revenue of $4595 million and in 2012 ending it reported net revenue of $4492 million (Kraft Foods Inc., 1). The firm’s key profitability drivers include the diverse category of products, a superior brand assortment, significant coverage in the Northern America, a wide-spread reputation for the most quality products in the food industry and a strong foundation in innovation and use of the latest technology in its operations, a deep knowledge about consumer’s interests, a long-lasting relationship with its major retailers and suppliers and an experienced team of managers who are solely driven by the firm’s core goals or rather aims in achieving the best (Kraft Foods Inc., 1). The substitute products in this industry are hot drinks such as tea, all the beverages and beverages that have caffeine, Cola. Thus, all the firms in this industry are good producers of the above mentioned products. This is due to the high number of nations which are chief coffee exporters, alternative products as a result of different types of coffee beans and insufficient money supply due to the impossible forward integration for suppliers. Thus, the farmers can combine forces but the wealthier will always influence the market. This industry or rather market has an oligopoly structure whereby there are a few globe competitors such as Nestle, Kraft Foods and Sara Lee. In addition, the industry has a relatively smaller regional roasters and intense competition from the final products of these firms. This is due to product differentiation that results to a number of flavors in coffee

Two questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Two questions - Essay Example However, the additional information or dealings which do not form part of the final written contract are not binding upon either of the parties and are liable to dispute and debate (Jentz, Miller, and Cross). In this scenario, both the parties have agreed to the sale of the warehouse, and thus is mentioned in the final contract. This effectively constitutes the consideration element of the contract, that is, something of value is being sold and purchased for the set amount (Jentz, Miller, and Cross). As much is binding on both the parties. However, there is no mention of the furniture stored in the warehouse in the contract. This could take either of the two courses of action: if the seller is willing to include the furniture in the transaction, they can out of their own free will, and only after assuring that there are no claims or restrictions attached to such a sale (Jentz, Miller, and Cross); however, if the seller is not willing, it is not binding upon them to include the furnit ure in the final sale even though such intentions were previously expressed in some mutually exchanged emails. This is because of two reasons: firstly, such emails were not part of the legal proceedings, and did not form part of the final sales contract; and secondly, the contract clearly states that it supersedes all other related negotiations. Therefore, both the parties are responsible for only that which is specified in the contract according to the clause of the intention of legal consequences, that is, the contract being binding on both the parties (Jentz, Miller, and Cross). If the contract explicitly expresses the sale of the furniture in the warehouse, such a sale would then become

Growing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Growing - Assignment Example Balancing classroom activities and creating time for co-curricular is essential in reaffirming student’s academic performance. Social media interaction through Facebook, YouTube or LinkedIn, are critical to keeping learners updated on vital issues and trends in their fields of study. Digital technology plays an integral role in shaping today’s life. Technology has a great influence in nearly all the fields of life ranging including education. Introduction of distance learning allows people from all walks of live to access quality education regardless of their location. Digital technologies improve access to information, storage, and retrieval of documents through development of school websites and cloud computing. According to Higgins, Xiao & Katsipataki (2012), studies linking provision and use of technology to attainment indicate consistent positive association with education outcomes. Computers are essential in carrying out research, doing assignments and presentation as they provide the based updated information. Technology acts as a supplement to regular teaching hence should not be applicable as a replacement. In addition, tested attainment gains are evident in mathematics, science and in improving the learners writing intervention in literacy. In conclusion, being a user of the digital devices such as laptops and tablets, I regularly visit social media as a source of vital information and interaction with friends’ schedule in their daily program. Balancing of academic and other activities is my crucial tool in monitoring and limiting unproductive use of technologies. Higgins, S., Xiao, Z. & Katsipataki, M. (2012, November 26). The Impact of Digital Technology on Learning: A summary for the Education Endowment Foundation. Full Report. London: Durham University Education Endowment Foundation. Richtel, M. (2010, November 21). â€Å"Growing Up Digital, Wired for Distraction.† The New York Times.

Western civilization. Ideas of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle Essay

Western civilization. Ideas of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle - Essay Example Athens in olden times was an intellectual and artistic centre of the Greek world. The advanced thinkers came in and rejected the traditional explanations of the world of nature. The Greek thinkers started suspecting rational order to the universe.In such an atmosphere came the traveling teacher the Sophist. They were men whose responsibility was to train and educate the sons of Athens [1]. Amongst the ranks of Sophist came Socrates (c.469-399 B.C.), the most notable and wisest Athens ever survived. His most prized student was Plato (c.427-347 B.C.), who came from a wealthy and powerful family and devoted himself to teachings of philosophy under Socrates at a young age of twenty. Amongst Plato's prized student was Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) born in small Greek colony in Thrace and whose father served grandfather of Alexander the Great. He was interested in details of natural life. [2]Socrates was a classical Greek philosopher. He is the founder of Western philosophy, and has contributio ns in the field of ethics, epistemology and logic. His ideas and approaches strongly provide a foundation for the western philosophy. His most important contribution is his dialectic method of inquiry which is known as Socratic Method used in examination of concepts of good and justice. He is known as the father of politics, philosophy, ethics and moral philosophy. He taught his students to be concerned with their families, careers and political responsibilities and also with the welfare of their souls. He believed in immortality of the soul, and that virtue could be taught. Socrates argued that the moral excellence was a matter of divine legacy and not the 1) Steven Kreis, the history guide, Lecture 6: The Greek thoughts: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, 2000. http://www.historyguide.org/ancient/lecture8b.html 2) Dr. C. George Boeree, the ancient Greeks part2: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle, copyright 2000, 2009. http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/athenians.html Parental nurture. His few believe were that no one desires evil, no one does wrong willingly or knowingly, all virtue is knowledge and virtue is sufficient for knowledge. This believes are characterized as Socratic paradoxes. He is himself referred as saying, "I know that I know nothing" [3]; he believed that wrongdoing was a consequence of ignorance. He connected the art of love with the love of wisdom i.e. philosophy. Socrates believed that the best way for the people to live was to focus on self development rather than material wealth. He stressed that virtue was the most valuable of all possessions [4]. Plato was Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician, writer of philosophical dialogues and the founder of Academy in Athens. He laid the foundations of natural philosophy, science and western philosophy. He taught philosophy, logic, rhetoric and mathematics. He often discussed the father-son relationship and the impact it had on son's life. Plato discovered that mankind is born with knowledge and it is present in human mind at birth. He argued that in daily lives we collect information from our experiences and gave great importance to the physical, mental and spiritual development of an individual. Plato introduced the idea that the mistakes were due to not engaging properly within justice, beauty and equality (he called them "forms"). In metaphysics Plato predicted a systematic rational treatment of the forms and their interrelation. In ethics and moral psychology he developed the view that the good life requires not just a certain kind of knowledge but also training to healthy emo tional responses and harmony between the three parts of the soul; reason, spirit and appetite. [5] Aristotle was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and the teacher of Alexander the Great. His 3) Benjamin Jowett, The republic by Plato, book 1, 23rd September 2009. 4) Sarah Kofman, Socrates: Fictions of a Philosopher ,1998, ISBN 0-8014-3551-

Comparing Two Dance Movements Essay Example for Free

Comparing Two Dance Movements Essay The two musicals that I will be comparing are Oklahoma and the West Side Story. Their dance movements, by comparing them both, I would say that they are both in different worlds, as West side story is based in the city and Oklahoma in the countryside so there are many differences however there are also many features of both the musicals that are similar. The dance scene in West Side Story is based in a gym with two different gangs, the Sharks and the Jets. These two sides are trying to out dance each other (mambo style), but the main part is when Maria and Tony meet each other. This is an important part of the musical as we now learn that from their first meeting that they are both attracted towards each other and the audience is expectant for more of this love story, however in Oklahoma we do not see Curly or Laurey as the dancing is the main part and the rivalry between the cowboys and the farmers is the main focus. This is the only thing we actually learn from the dance scene as it is the only time in the musical were the rivalry between the two lifestyles are shown in depth. In both of the musicals there is mentor that helps to calm the tough tension and attempt to have coalition between the two sides. The composer changes the music to establish the difference of this character with the other characters. In Oklahoma when the mentor appears the clear ‘umcha’ is not there anymore and not many brass instruments are being used, and there isn’t as many instruments used which could show the composer trying to show the authority of this character, but towards the end of his phrases are burst of brass instruments playing which gives a sarcastic tone, maybe showing how the people thought of advice. In West side story the composer has a different approach to the mentor. He uses a lot of brass instruments to give a silly approach to the activity organized by the mentor. It is like a fanfare which is catchy and is in simple time 4/4. The composer portrays him like this because as he tries to solve the conflict between the two sides, the mentor acts like a kindergarten teacher trying to stop children fighting. In terms of the lyrics or singing, Oklahoma is the musical that has the most singing and underscoring, this is probably because adding lyrics would help to convey the ar guments between cowboy and the farmer,  also the mentor sings as well to try and bring coalition. In west side story there isn’t much underscoring or singing, except the occasional shouting of words when they are dancing, this would be to show the support of their ‘team’ when dancing against their rivals. The musical styles with both of the dance movements are completely different, this is probably due to the different areas that they live in and the composer would use the dance music that would be related to the culture or the style of music where they would have come from. In west side story the dance style is mambo, and mambo is originally from Cuba and came over to America, so the dance doesn’t really go with the culture of the Brazilians or the Americans but however because it became popular in night clubs, resort hotels in the heart of New York and Miami, so by using this style of dance and music the composer wants to convey an ‘night out’, although in Oklahoma, the music is very much to do with their culture and style as it is countr y side music which the composer portrays very well. The main instrumental types he uses is the strings and the brass instruments. The strings are using a technique called the fiddling which is playing a series of notes very quickly and under this is the brass playing the ‘umcha’ part. The music is in simple time of 4/4 and is a catchy tune as nothing complicated is uses, just simple chord progressions which are all characteristics of folk/countryside music. The banjo is also used which is an instrument that you would use for country music as well. In West Side Story Bernstein makes the mambo piece quite busy and lively by including polyrhythms and many brass instruments and percussion instruments, this shows Bernstein trying to relate to the fast beats of the mambo but maybe of the business of the city. The part of the percussion is composed to be played very fast and is very complicated, this also helps to create a ‘lively city’ feeling. Towards the end of when the Sharks have just finished their dance section in preparation for the Jets dance section Bernstein by adding the percussio n that would play music that coincides with the Jets. For example, percussion is used and it plays in major second which is what the composer usually uses for the Jets so as well as showing them visually you can also know musically that it is the Jets, this also happens at the start of the gym scene when there is just the Jets dancing, and there is a music theme from the opening Jet song which was the . To distinguish both of them, the music for the Sharks the string instruments are used more  often and they style is more South American. The rhythm is still fast however there are not a lot of layers and the third beat is emphasized in some cases on the suspension note (falling to the resolution) this helps to create a salsa like feel in comparison with the Jets music with many syncopated rhythms and the instruments that they use are brass and percussion mainly and this gives a harsh type edge, which again might be to promote their modernisms. The difference is also set in Oklahoma between the farmers and cowboys. When it is the farmers section, it is mainly the violins fiddling as the ‘bass’, with the brass playing the main melody of ‘the farmer and the cowboy and also there is the ‘umcha’ again which gives it that country feel, however in comparison the cowboy’s music has a more syncopated rhythm and this time the brass are playing a clear bass. The composer has been almost adventurous in how he composed the music for the cowboys (towards the end, when the two dance separately) as the tune from the song is not played and sound like a separate tune. I would also say that the farmer’s music is more conjunct as the violin’s fiddling isn’t jumping around too much but in the cowboys section the brass melody jumps occasionally. Towards the end of the dance scene in west side story, this is when Maria meets Tony the music changes completely, with no connection to Jets or the Sharks music (however he still does have the augmented fourth just before they sing), and this shows how the composer wants the audience to feel both of their chemistry as though it is in a completely different world and he does this by completely reducing the pace, no more fast rhythms and it is striped of many instruments, leaving just a few percussion and the woodwind. When looking at the two musicals, you can see how both of the the composers use characters to move the story along, and both composers differentiate the opposing sides by altering the music however altogether, in my opinion, these two dance scenes are completely different because each composer has his approach to what he thinks the music should sound like in accordance to the story of the dance and the surroundings which it is based in.

How Market Systems Cope With Economic Scarcity Economics Essay

How Market Systems Cope With Economic Scarcity Economics Essay Contrast how a market system and a command economy try to cope with economic scarcity. A market system is also known as the free market economy or laissez-faire economy. In market system, household owns the resources and allocate them in the course of the workings of price mechanism. If there is an increase in demand, the price of a good will rises and it will encourages firms to switch extra resources of that certain manufacture of the good or service. Households depend on their income to determine the amount of products they consume and market value of an individuals work will decide households income. There is a limited role for the government in a free market system. This is because government tries to protect the property rights of people and business via the legal system. Besides, the value of currency can be protected with intervene of government. The result is competition and widely dispersed economic power. While in the command system, government owns most property resources. The government also gets to make the economic decision through a central economic plan. The central economic planning board determines production goals for each enterprise and specifics the amount of resources to be allocated. The income and wealth distribution is decided by the government too. In this system, market price plays no part in informing property allocation decisions. For each stock in the stock market, the number of shares sold daily equals the number of shares purchased. That is, the quantity of each firms shares demanded equals the quantity supplied. So, if this equality always occurs, why do the prices of stock shares ever change? The prices of stock shares always change is because there is supply and demand like everything else. The additional buyers there are for the stock, the higher the price as the supply of stock shares is for all time fixed. On the other hand, then stock prices will go down when there are more sellers. Both prospective buyers and sellers each of them willing to buy or sell a number of shares base on the stock price in any given stock trading session. If the quantity of shares demanded exceeds the quantity of shares supplied at the current price, the buyers must raise their price offers to encourage sellers to offer enough shares. This situation will cause the price of shares to rise until the quantity demanded equals the quantity supplied. The situation is called the market equilibrium. Now, if there is a report of bad economic news during the shares trading session, the sellers may try to sell out more shares than buyers demanded at the current price. In order to make a quick sale and to find more buyers, the sellers now will lower the selling price of the shares. There will be multiple equilibrium prices going on any trading day, but most of them do not last more than a couple of minutes. In general, demand and supply will affect the change of shares prices. Price Quantity SS DD P0 Q0 In November 1998, Vincent van Goghs self-portrait sold at auction for $71.5 million. Illustrate this sale in a demand and supply diagram and determine the elasticity of supply of this portrait. D1 D0 Price P1 P0 SS Q0 Quantity This graph shows a perfectly inelastic vertical supply curve, at the quantity of 1 unit. The downward sloping demand curve intersected the supply curve is used to determine the price of the portrait which is $71.5 million. When the price increases from P0 to P1, the demand will increases from D0 to D1 where as the quantity supplied is remain unchanged. The demand would likely deceases extremely if there is more than one picture presented. For years a debate has raged between those who favor strategies for reducing the supply of illegal drugs and those who favor strategies designed to reduce demand for illegal drugs. With the aid of two graphs, comment on the situation above using the demand and supply equilibrium analysis. SS1 SS2 DD Price Quantity P1 P2 Q1 Q2 The graph above shows the relationship between demand and supply curve. When those who favors strategies for reducing the supply of illegal drugs, there would be a shift to the left in the supply curve, from SS1 to SS2. The government tries to reduce the supply of illegal drugs by providing subsidies to farmers. This will encourage formers to shift to other crops such as corn instead of crops that produce drugs. Besides, the increasing of border inspection and interdiction of illegal drugs will also affects the supply curve to shift left and upwards, so equilibrium will not achieve. This is due to the decrease in quantity supplied from Q1 to Q2; the price would increase from P1 to P2. This cause less people will buy because of the increases in price. SS P0 P1 Price Quantity Q0 Q1 DD1 DD0 The graph above shows the relationship between demand and supply curve. When those who favors strategies for reducing the demand of illegal drugs, there would be a shift to the left in the demand curve, from DD0 to DD1. The curve will shift to the left is because of government has introduce an educational campaign to explain the disadvantages to human health of illegal drugs. When the curve shift to left and downwards, the market equilibrium is no more achieved. The sales of the illegal drugs would reduce because the demand for illegal drugs has decrease from Q0 to Q1. There are calls from certain quarters proposing that legalizing illegal drugs is the best solution to combating illegal drugs problem. By legalizing illegal drugs, this will increase the amount of illegal drugs available in the market as drug sellers will no longer face prosecution. Addicts benefit too. With the aid of a graph, explain the situation above using the demand and supply equilibrium analysis. Price DD0 P P1 SS0 Quantity SS1 Q Q1 Legalizing illegal drugs will lead to the increases in quantity supply. As a result of this, the supply curve will shift to right from SS0 to SS1. When the supply curve shift to the right, the price of the illegal drugs will decreases from P to P, while the quantity supply will increases from Q to Q. Besides that, drug addicts gain advantages too not only because of the increases in supply but also the legalization of illegal drugs. Provide a counter-argument to the explanation given by the supporters of legalization. Firstly, illegal drugs should not be legalizing because it will only bring destructive effects to our health. It will cause addiction and it will slowly lead to crime. This is because the price of illegal drugs is not cheap and not many addicts can afford it. As a result of not having enough money, addicts will commit all sorts of crimes in order to get money to buy those drugs. If illegal drugs are supported to be legalizing, there would cause a massive numbers of crime rates in the country. People might use drugs to rape, steal or even start a war. Drugs only benefits the addicts as it will cause problem to the government. Government would have to import those drugs from other country and it surely causes a big sum. This will affect the governments financial and the countrys economy. Imagine you are selling a new product in the market. Explain more on the product that you are selling from these aspects: Description of the product that you are selling The product that I am selling is the new model of touch screen laptop. This touch screen laptop is slim and the weight is lighter than normal laptop. Therefore it is very to carry around. This product is aim towards young adults that are working and students that are still studying. With this product, they can carry to their work place and even to schools. Besides, this product also comes with various colors. Consumers can choose the color of the product according to each liking. This product also includes: Bluetooth Built- in GPS system Webcam Water resistant Cold resistant Support Windows 98/XP/Vista/7 6- cell Li- ion battery 4GB RAM Memory How the product is produced or acquired The product is produce in local factory which will be using the modern technology. The internal components for this product will be imported from other country such as America. On the other hand, the external part is supplied by local production. Metal is one of the main resources for this product. Metal is needed in a large amount to produce the laptop. While touch screens are imported from Japan with their high- tech LCD touch screen. The demand aspect of this product e.g. pricing strategies, the threat of competitors, factors affecting demand for this product etc. Pricing Strategies I would use the Price Skimming method which the price is charged higher because this product will have substantial competitors. The high price is to attract more new rivals into the market. Therefore, the price will fall inevitably due to the increase of supply. The price will be set to RM2500. When there are more competitors in the market, I would now change my strategy to economy pricing. Threat of Competitors This touch screen laptop biggest threat is other big company like Acer, HP and also Sony. Although the other competitors are more well recognize, but I believe that my product is better in terms of pricing and functions that are available. Besides, other companies tend to have bigger budget or capital to invest in new product. Therefore it is one biggest threat to my new touch screen laptop. Factors Affecting Demand As for the factors affecting the demand would be the consumers choices and preferences. Consumers taste will be the main factors for the demand curve because it will affect the price as well. Besides, consumers income will contribute to the changes on the demand curve of this product too. If their income increases, they would most likely be able to afford this product. As a result to it, the demand for this product will increase. Elasticity of demand of the product The demand of the product

Other Personality Traits That Affect Managerial Behaviour Sociology Essay

Other Personality Traits That Affect Managerial Behaviour Sociology Essay Leadership is the action of leading a group of people or an organization, or the ability to do this Oxford Dictionary. A person exerts influence over other people, which inspires, motivates and directs their activities to help achieve common performance goals (Yukl, 1989 as cited in George Jones, 2006). The person who exerts such influence is a leader. With the influence they exert, effective leaders help groups and organisations to achieve a goal. Effective leadership also increases an organisations ability to meet all the contemporary challenges such as obtain a competitive advantage, the need to promote acceptable ethical behaviour and is essential to manage a diverse workforce fairly and impartially. As a result, this will raise the organisations chances of success (George Jones, 2006). Nowadays due to the exceptionally challenging era, leadership can be very demanding because of the pace of change, the illusion of control and the high expectations of followers (Arnold Rendall, 2010).A leader can adopt his own personal qualities, behaviours styles and decisions to develop his own leadership style (Arnold Rendall, 2010). Early leader-focused approaches to leadership have 2 main features: a description of the leader in terms of their characteristics and/or behaviour and the investigation and analysis and of the characteristics and or behaviours of what makes a good leaders regardless of what they lead (Arnold Rendall, 2010). Early leadership was more focused on finding the best characteristics that makes a person a leader or effective leader. Early work such as the work of House and Baetz (1979) came up with what characteristics that leaders tend to have at a higher degree than non-leaders. These characteristics include intelligence, dominance/need for power, self-confidence and knowledge of the task. (House Baetz , 1979). Bass (1990) also included other personality traits such as good adjustment, emotional balance and high integrity which were found to be common traits amongst leaders. (Bass, 1990) This early research did yield some interesting results but researchers did not find a constant profile of characteristics which are common to all leaders however personality and intelligence seem to be fundamental for persons to emerge as leaders and ultimately be effective leaders (Arnold Rendall, 2010). The Big Five Personality Traits People have certain characteristics which are constant to them throughout their life which can influence how they think, feel and behave both on and off the job (George Jones, 2006). These characteristic are called personality traits. These traits make you act, feel and think in certain ways which makes every individual unique. It is very important that these traits are understood since every persons personality influences their behaviour and their approach to managing people and resources (George Jones, 2006). An individuals personality is composed of five general traits or characteristics, these being extraversion, negative affectivity, agreeableness, conscientiousness and openness to experience (Digman, 1990). Each personality trait is viewed as a continuum along which every individual falls. A person can fall on the high end part or on the low end part or else somewhere in between. A persons approach to management can be described in how people are like at the high and low ends of each continuum which is an easy way to understand how these trait affect a persons approach (George Jones, 2006). The effectiveness of each trait is determined by a complex interaction between the nature of the job or organisation in which they are working and the characteristics of the person. Furthermore, some personality traits might be effective in one situation but can decrease the effectiveness in another situation. (George Jones, 2006) There are other personality traits in addition to the big five that describe peoples personalities. These are specifically important for understanding managerial effectiveness. Some examples are self-esteem, locus of control and need for achievement. Research by Fred E. Fiedler acknowledged that effective leadership depends on the characteristics of the leader and of the situation. Fiedler came up with the Contingency theory of leadership. He explains why a manager or leader may be capable in one situation and incapable in another. It also suggests which kinds of managers or leaders are more effective in different situations (George Jones, 2006). He argued that leaders have rather stable personal characteristic, leading to a characteristic behavioural style. In his theory, Fiedler assumed that how much a leader is person-oriented depends on the leaders perception of their least preferred co-worker. He concluded that task-oriented leaders are best in very favourable and unfavourable situations and those person-oriented leaders are best in moderately favourable or moderately unfavourable situations (Arnold Rendall, 2010). Desired and acceptable leadership characteristics may vary across organisational context. Sociability, need for power and need for achievement are considerably relevant characteristics which are consistent across different organisations and organisational cultures. (House Baetz , 1979). House and Baetz (1979) came up with two insights which are generally accepted by persons studying leadership: if certain characteristics are to have an impact on others and their performance, these personal characteristics need to be observable in the leader and that leader characteristics and behaviours depend on the different type of task (House Baetz , 1979). Recent studies have pointed out the effects of personal and situational factors on the development of an individual as a leader. Amongst these personal factors are personality traits and gender (Jacobowitz Pratch, 1996).One of the most distinct and difficult to change characteristics is gender. Leadership roles are typically described in stereotypically masculine terms. This could mean that women have a slight disadvantage over men in being selected for leadership roles and when selected it is difficult for them to be seen as good leaders. Leadership roles are typically predominated by men but in recent years women in leadership positions have increased considerably (Corrigall, Konrad, Lieb, Ritchie JR, 2000). This has prompted a lot of researchers to explore the relationship between gender and leadership. While the number of women in management positions has increased, there are still very few women who hold high level executive positions (Corrigall, Konrad, Lieb, Ritchie JR, 2000). It is believed that women tend to prefer jobs who offer a reward rather than high pay and advancement, which might be the explanation of their failure to attain more jobs at the top level positions (George Jones, 2006). The styles of male and female leaders may influenced by the gender-based expectations. Individuals establish certain expectations for their own and others behaviour which is based on their own beliefs about what the appropriate behaviour of male and females should be like. (Eagly, 1987) Women are stereotypically described as nurturing, supportive and concerned with interpersonal relations whilst men are viewed as being directive and focused on task accomplishment (George Jones, 2006) These stereotypes suggest that women can be more relationship oriented as managers and are more considerable in their behaviour. Men are seen as more directed towards task-orientation and engage in more initiating-structure behaviours (George Jones, 2006). People have become accustomed to the styles that men have since men have long held these roles. As a result, there is more focus on women in the discussion of the impact of gender on leadership (Eagly Johannesen-Schmidt, 2001). There is little agreement about how women actually lead even though there is this greater focus on women in research. Feminists writings have given great importance to differences and similarities between leadership styles in males and females. (Eagly Johannesen-Schmidt, 2001). A number of researchers state that there is a difference between women and men having a leadership position, whilst others say that there is no difference. Eagly and Johnson (1990) state that male and female managers having a leadership position, tend to behave in similar ways. Men do not engage in more initiating structure than women and women do not engage in more consideration than men (Eagly Johnson, 1990). Writers of trade books, have argued that thre is a difference in leadership behaviour between males and females. They tend to see women as being less hierarchical, more cooperative and ollaborative and more oriented to enhancing others self worth (Book, 2000). On the contrary, social scientists say that there is no or minimal difference iin female and male organizational leaders. (Eagly Johannesen-Schmidt, 2001). Job Attribute Preference Research has show that job attribute preference may direct a male or female manager to a different set of jobs, career paths and emplyers due to the existence of sex difference (Beutell Brenner, 1986). Job attributes have been divided into two categories: intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Job aspects that fulfil material or social needs are termed intrinsic factors and job aspects that fullfil higher needs such as growth, esteem and self expression are termed intrinsic factors. (Pinder, 1998) Research on sex differences and similarities in job attribute preferences has been enriched by two distinct theoretical persecpetives: the gender ideology perspective and the structuralist persepective. Different personality characteristics and different sets of ativities for women and man are dictated by gendered societal norms in existence is the view of the gender ideology perspective. The structuralist perspectives argues that women have poorer quality jobs than men on average because of the segregation and discrimination in the labor market. (Corrigall, Konrad, Lieb, Ritchie JR, 2000). Both of the perspectives conclude that job attribute preferences for men and women are different by they assign casualty to different underlying mecchanisms. They both predict that there will be a change in the pattern of sex differnces in job attribute preferences over time, however they conclude that the patterns of change will be somewhat different. Gender Ideology Gender ideology may be described as socially-constructed script that prescribes different characteristics, values, attitudes, behaviors and activities for women and men (West Zimmerman , 1991)Gender ideology is composed of gender roles and gender stereotypes. Gender roles are sets of norms presribing the behaiors and activities appropriate for each sex (Best Williams, 1990). Gender roles differ by cultures but in Western industrialised societies attribute the role of income provider for the family to the men and the role of homemaker to the women. Gender stereotypes are different personality characateristics which are expected from men and women. Characterisitcs such as nurturing, affiliation and passivity were associated with the females whilst characteristics such as autonomy, aggression, dominance and achievement were ascribed more to males (Best Williams, 1990).People tend to conform to gender expectations to avoid the disapproval from others. If peoples choice ofwork would reflect gender ideology, then men should consider responsibility, autonomy earnings, advancement, prestige, recognition and challenge to be more important than women do. Whilst women should value more job security, good coworkers, a good supervisor, physical work environment, helping others, growth/development opportunities, opportunities to use ones abillities, variety, task significance a feeling of accomplishment and good hours to be more important than men do. In this study conducted by Corrigall, Konrad, Lieb and Ritchie, it was found that men attached more importance to earnings and responsibility than women did. This reflects the idea that men take on the role of provider and that they need to demonstrate success and status reflecting the ideas of gender roles and stereotypes towards men. On the other hand women attached greater importance to all mentioned attributes which show that women take the role of homemaker and to demonstarte nuturing and expressiveness. The findings relate to the gender roles typically attributed to women. (Corrigall, Konrad, Lieb, Ritchie JR, 2000) Leadership styles of males and females The styles of males and females can be described in terms of the stereotypes of masculinity and femminity. Studies of peoples stereotypes about men and women show that the popular beliefs about male and female behaviour can be compiled, following Bakan (1966), in terms of two dimensions, the agentic and the communal attributes. (Jacobowitz Pratch, 1996) Agentic characteristics define primarily an assertive, controlling and confident tendency. These characteristics are typically ascribed to more strongly to men than to women. Agentic behaviours, in employment settings might include speaking assertively, competing for attention, influencing others, initiating activity directed to assigned taks and making problem-focused suggestions (Eagly Johannesen-Schmidt, 2001). Women are more ascribed to communal characteristics. This is because communal characteristics describe primarily a concern with the welfare of other people. Examples of communal characteristics in employment settings are speaking tentatively, not drawing attention to oneself, accepting others direction, supporting others and contributing to the solution of relational and interpersonal problems (Eagly Johannesen-Schmidt, 2001). Leader roles and gender roles Female leaders can adopt leadership styles that differe from those of men because they need to accommodate their behaviour to the occasioanlly conflicting demands of the female gender role and their role as a leader. There are different implications for the behaviour of male and female leaders due to gender roles. This is not only because male and female roles have different content but there is a discrepancy perceivers associate with women as having communal qualties and successful leaders are perceived as having agentic qualities. Since agentic properties are more associated to men, people tend to believe that men are better at being leaders than females. (Eagly Johannesen-Schmidt, 2001) Eagly and Karau(2001) argued that apparent difference between the typical leader roles and the female gender tends to ccreate prejudice towards female leaders. It takes two forms: (a)less favorable evaluation of womens (than mens) potential leadership because leadership ability is more stereotypic of men than women and (b)less favorable evaluation of the actual leadership behavior of women than men because agentic behaviour is perceived as less desirable in women than men. In the first prejudice, womens characteristics and the resulting female-stereotypic qualities are different from what is expected and desired in leaders. This is a result from the descriptive norms of gender roles. The second prejudice arises from prescriptive norms of gender roles namely the beliefs of how women ough to behave. Women leaders can be negatively assessed for fullfilling the agentic requirements of leader roles and thus failing to comply with the communal characteristics, even though they may be praised for their fulfillment of the leader role. (Eagly Karau, 2001) On the other hand, Sherpe (2000) states that after years of analyzing what makes leaders more effective, management gurus now know how to maximise the chances of getting a great executive. Their answer is to hire a women. The idea was first introduce by the writers feminist trade books on management and is now making tis way into the popular culture. (Carli Eagly, 2003) However in Malta, women have the highest rate of female inactivity 65.2% compared to other E.U. countries 35.7%. (Spiteri, 2012). Nevertheless, there was an increase in the rate of employement for woman which now stands at 62%,which has gone up from 55% in 1997 (Almunia, Andor, Barnier , Reding, Rehn, Tajani, 2012). Many women continue to face a glass ceiling, holding them backe in achieving a higher level in their work place. Men dominate company boards: 86.3% of board members and 96.8% of the boardroom chairs, whilst women make up 13.7% and 3.2% respectively. (Almunia, Andor, Barnier , Reding, Rehn, Tajani, 2012). Women in Malta represent only 3% of board members which is well below the EU average of 13.7% (Spiteri, 2012). On the other hand, there is a higher pecentage (22.7%) of Maltese women who are achieving higher levels of tertiary education than men(14.6%), even though when compared to other E.U. countries it is still very low (37.2% women and 30% men) (Spiteri, 2012). The National Statistics Office in collaboration with the National Council of women in Malta carried out a survey on the Perceived Obstacles to the participation of women in Decision-making Positions (2007). The rsult of this survey states that many women in malta are not advancing in their work to obtain top post because of 3 main difficulties: difficulties in reconciling long hours of work and family responsabilities, very little use of childcare facilities and lack of spouse/partner suport (National Statistics Office, 2007). Maltese Governments have always put measures in place to promote gender equality through various legislations and regulations. The constitution of Malta guarantees equaltiy between women and men. It gives protection against discrimination on various grounds including sex. Additionally, there is Article 45(11) swhich provides for special measures aimed at accelerating de facto equality between males and females (Spiteri, 2012). In 1991 Malta also approved the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW). Even though these measures have been in place for a few years now, there is still a general idea that men are seen as being more siutable at having a decision-making job. There are also a number of structural and cultural barriers which are preventing Maltese women from achieving further in their job. Such barriers include jobs without opportunities of promotion or training, practices that favour men for promotions, lack of employment laws and lack of sharing of household/childcare responsibilities by fathers. There is also a considerably big barrier being the attitudes and perceptions towards gendered roles in Malta. (Spiteri, 2012). In this study, I am going to focus on the perceptions that University students have towards leaders. Whether they tend to prefer male or female leaders and on what is their decision based on. Also, I am going to study what University Students think about the effectiveness of males and females in different work settings and what is the reasoning behind the idea.

The Labelling Theory Essay -- Psychology, Deviant Behavior

The main aim of this essay is to describe two general theories of offending and then consider the extent to which they explain youth offending. This essay will firstly outline the context of the labelling theory then go on to discuss the way in which a label becomes a person’s master status in life. The essay will then compare the differences with primary and secondary deviance and define the term self fulfilling prophecy. The second stage of the essay will describe the learning theory, explaining the background including all the terms, classical conditioning, operant conditioning and social learning theory. Furthermore, it will then go on to explore the research and describe the extent to which both theories explain youth offending. Finally, the essay will compare and contrast the two theories and evaluate any of the assets or implications. The labelling theory became dominant within society during the 1940’s and 1950’s, when a group of graduate students from the Chicago school tried a different approach to applying theory to deviant behaviour. Within this group was a highly influential young man, Howard S.Becker who became the person most recognised for his work with the labelling of crime (Williams.F. McShaneM. 2010.p110). Becker argued that labels could be applied through the social reaction of others when a deviant or criminal act had been committed he stated that â€Å"Labelling is the process of identifying, categorising and stereotyping social categories such as delinquents† (Davies.M.et.al.2010.p30). When an individual becomes labelled a criminal, people do not consider all the praiseworthy things they may have done previously, they just see that they have committed some form of deviance and are now judged within societ... ...more stimulus for the individual to learn from (Williams.F. McShane.M.2010.p241). Furthermore, deviance within the labelling theory is defined through society’s norms and value’s, where as the deviance within the learning theory is imitation of deviance from society. To conclude this essay, it would be safe to say that the labelling theory and the learning theory both have great powers over young people’s lives, possibly because of their vulnerability and the way they perceive different behaviour within society. With criminal and deviant acts being formed and constructed by society, then behaviour displayed by a young person will inevitably be labelled if they do not live up to the norms and value’s that are in place. However, as the essay explains young people will gather characteristics of deviance from society’s influential structures.

Sylvia Plaths Poem Daddy Essay -- Sylvia Plath Daddy Poetry Poem Essa

Sylvia Plath's Poem "Daddy" Overbearing fathers who dominant their children’s lives dispose of comfort and security and instead cause irreversible damage. Sylvia Plath writes about her own experiences dealing with her authoritarian father in â€Å"Daddy.† In this poem, Plath utilizes literary devices like allusion, child-like diction, and dualistic organization to communicate her bitterness in this theme of resentment and scorn. Plath’s usage of allusion calls the reader to bring their own knowledge to the poem. She uses this device so that the reader can recall information without Plath needing to fully state the scenario. One of the first allusions which Plath uses is in the first stanza when she writes â€Å"black shoe in which I have lived like a foot.† She alludes to the nursery rhyme of the old woman who lived in a shoe. In the end of the nursery rhyme, the old woman â€Å"whips [her children] all soundly and sends them to bed,† comparing to Plath’s own experience with an emotionally distant father. She communicates his preoccupation with discipline and neglect of care and supp...

History and Eradication of Smallpox Essay -- Biology Medical Biomedica

History and Eradication of Smallpox The smallpox virus has affected the human species for centuries. It has been recorded as early as 1350 BC in ancient Egypt.The smallpox disease is caused by the Variola virus which only inhabits the human organism. There are two forms of the disease major and minor. The major has a mortality rate of 20-40% of untreated individuals. Though major and minor eventually run the same course and the outcome is the same, the major has symptoms that are distinct from the minor form, including hemorrhaging both internally and externally. Early treatment of the disease was variolation, and was the only method of treatment until the vaccine was discovered by Edward Jenner. The World Health Organization (WHO) eradicated smallpox in 1979. There is still no effective treatment for the disease after contraction. The speckled monster, the killer of both kings and peasants, once considered the most terrible minister of death; smallpox had ravaged the world for centuries. The virus emerged from an unknown source, however there is belief that it originated in Africa and then eventually spread to India and China. The first documented case of smallpox was dated in 1350 BC during the Egyptian-Hittite war.(Emedmag,2002) The course of the pandemic turned towards Europe in the 5th to 7th century and begun it destruction in major European cities in the 18th century. Classified as a pandemic during the 18th century, smallpox was located on almost the entire world save Australia and a few isolated islands. Smallpox did not only impact medical history, but also was a great influence in politics as well. Smallpox was known as the killer of peasants and kings, showing no biasness in its selection of victims. Skin lesions ... ...n stopped for almost 15 years. If terrorists were to use the Variola virus, the world would be virtually at the mercy of the smallpox disease. History and Eradication of Smallpox 9 References: Barquet, N. Smallpox: The Triumph over the Most Terrible of the Ministers of Death. Volume 127, Issue 8, Pages 635-642. Brannon, H. 2005. History of Smallpox: The Rise and Fall of a Disease. About Dermatology. July 26,2005 http://dermatology.about.com/cs/smallpox/a/smallpoxhx.htm Brilliant, L. B. 1985. The Management of Smallpox Eradication in India. Ann Arbor, MI:University of Michigan Press. Fenner, F., D. A. Henderson, I. Arita, Z. Jezek, & I. D. Ladnyi. 1988. Smallpox and Its Eradication. Geneva: World Health Organization. Hopkins, J. W. 1989. The Eradication of Smallpox: Organizational Learning and Innovation in International Health. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Manage People Performance Essay

Project 1 When allocating it is important to consider that work should be allocated on a fair basis taking into consideration the employee experience, expertise, skills, knowledge understanding and workloads. It i salso important to consider the following: Goals and objectives Work must be goal and target oriented. Managers and their employees need to set goals that are realistic, achievable and have timeframes attached. Large goals can be broken into smaller steps to which specific timeframes are attached so they can become milestones. This enable work to be allocated and to be monitored and measured as it progresses. Competence When allocating work the competencies, knowledge, skills and experience of employees must be considered so that work is allocated to those who are best equipped to do it. When drawing up actions plans it is important that managers and leaders take into consideration the competencies of the staff members to be involved, the interest of the staff members, their availability and the likely outcomes of involving specific employees. Operational need When drawing up a work plan it is important to focus on the goal of the action plan. Action plans outline what will be done, how it will be done, by whom it will be done and the timeframes and deadlines that apply and the resources that will be required. The plan will outline what needs to be done and who is responsible for the various implementation aspects of the plan. Efficiency A plan must be performed in the best possible manner with the least waste of  time and effort possible. This means using all the information, knowledge and skills learnt and using the time at your disposal. Also giving employees responsibility, accountability and delegating appropriately are all processes which will increase involvement, commitment and enthusiasm for the achievement of specific outcomes and that, I believe, is a way to make a plan efficient. Cost effectiveness To maintain costs at an acceptable level, resources must be used in the most effective ways so that use is maximised and expenditure is minimised. Staff should learn to manage the work they do in ways that don’t needlessly waste resources and work allocations must allow for the most effective use of resources. Hiring and training new staff costs, as mistakes, rework and misuse of resources. It is also necessary to negotiate the best possible prices for resources. Consultation Consultation is a key element in the development of an operatinal plan. It is important to consult with people who use the resources to determine the best deployment and acquisition methods. Employees who use resources on a day-to-day basis in order to complete their work will be able to identify problems and if encouraged to do so will be able to suggest improvements that will increase resource efficiency and effectiveness. Also consultation involves employees and gives value and credence to their ideas by making them feel valued and aware them that they contribute toward the big picture goal achievement of the organisation. When allocating work and drawing up work plans it is also necessary to consider the following: Develop KRAs and KPIs that meet the organisation’s needs  It is important to develop KRAs and KPIs because thay are a vital part of the organisational planning process. They provide a clearly defined way of measuring whether or not organisational goals have been achieved. KPIs enable organisations to measure progress towards its goals, but also define  what progress looks like. KRAs are generally formulated for the long term and focus at a higher level of organisation, while KPIs are measurable in very short intervals, they are directly tied to actions on the frontline and adjustable in real time. Develop and implement effective performance management systems Performance management systems are necessery to identify, evaluate and develop employees and teams work performances so that an organisation’s goals and objectives are more effectively achieved. Performance management systems enable management to track, monitor and evaluate work to ensure that is contributing towards the success of the organisation. Performance management is also the process of communication between manager and employee that results in mutual understanding of what employee is to be doing during the next period of time. Have a code of conduct for the organisation It is important to have a code of conduct because it provides a guide to staff for appropriate behaviour. It will not cover all issues that arise but will provide a framework within which staff can address behavioural and ethical issues. The code establishes standards by which staff and management conduct themselves towards other staff or collegues, government authorities and the general community and perform their duties and obligations. A code of conduct is generally established on values such as integrity, honesty, conscientiousness, compassion, courtesy, fairness and respect. Regurarly monitor and evaluate the work of employees It is necessary to monitor employees performance to identify and establish performance requirements as KRAs and KPIs and also to clarify and communicate the organisation’s goal achievement strategies. When conducting performance monitoring both managers and employees must have a clear agreement and understanding of the performance expectations, evaluation, processes and implications. By drawing up an action plan it becomes possible to monitor each step in the implementation process and to assess effectiveness as you go. Employees are able to see what they are achieving as they achieve it. Give effective feedback and reinforcement to employees and acknowledge good work Feedbacks are important because they reinforce good work and encourage employees to continuing improvement. Employees whose contribution to improvement processes and organisational success is recognised will be motivated to continue improving and, at the same time, it will be created an higher level of enthusiasm. If employees don’t receive feedback to let them know what they are doing well so they will continue doing it or what they are not doing well so they can make adjustments, they will not know whether their efforts are noticed and whether their performance meets the organisation’s expectations. Also satisfied staff will stay with the organisation and so will the knowledge and skills. Have systems in place to manage poor performance Is important to understand that feedbacks on poor performance will be more effective if they are adressed at the time they occur and not left until they are either escalated or been forgotten about. When poor performance is identified it is necessary to take specific steps to address it. This will involve the collection and analysis of performance related to information. When possible is better to collect direct information and from a number of different sources. It might be necessary to report to senior management the performance issues and the proposed steps that will be taken to resolve the issues that are identified by the monitoring and evaluation process. Understand the organisation’s termination policy and the legislation to which it relates It is necessary to understand that any kind of action should be performed in accordance with the law and that there are regulations that protect the employee and that prevent the management to take definitive actions if they don’t follow the law. (Fair Work Act 2009). If mangers decide that an employee’s performance is so poor as to necessiate dismissal, they must be aware of the requirements and possible consequences of dismissal under unfair dismissal laws. Unlawful dismissal are primarly based on discrimination grounds and notice periods. Project 2 It is clear that at the base there is a problem of communication within the organisation. In this case I think that the main problems are two. The first is represented by a poor training to staff which leads to insufficient knowledge of the methodology to be used during these operations and poor ability to deal with issues once they arise. The second problem is the lack of communication between the two leading department. This gap has led the supply department to make mistakes such as the client didn’t receive the goods on time or the goods have not fully made up. The result of these two major gaps made that the work was done wrong and has led the customer to be dissatisfied. To make sure that such situations do not arise again, as a manager / leader of the organisation I would focus on improving the phase of training of staff in which I’d put special attention on the internal communication between the various department. First of all, the training must be done so that employees have the material, the support and the time to acquire all the information needed so they can do their job in the best way possible and in the way that they are able to remedy any errors that may occur during one of the processes. The training also needs to be tested on site with real performances and, occasionally, with updates. Internal communication whithin an organisation is vital. Without good communication made of daily contacts between the various department, reporting changes or improvements and updates on the methodology, an organisation can not do the job in the right way, bringing the results to be insufficient for the customer and, most likely, the failure on the market. Both managers and employees therefore need training so they understand how the system works, how they can and should contribute and what the results of an appraisal should be. They must know and be involved in setting the relevant performance standard. They need to understand how the appraisal process fits with the organisation’s procedures and expectations for future performance. Starting with the basis of a good training to managers and employees and  giving proper attention to the communication system, I believe that the results of an organisation are intended to improve, even in the short term period. In the event that, despite efforts to bring the level of knowledge of the individual employee and the team to a satisfactory level, I don’t see improvements in the production and receive constant complaints from clients, I would probably consider the possibility of proceeding with more important procedures such as a final conclusion of work of the staff responsible for the lack of results.

Business Research Essay

1). Explain the difference between a research question and a hypothesis. Using your current or previous place of employment as a starting point, provide one or more research question and then develop two appropriate hypotheses. A resarch question is is a complicated question that does not have a clear cut anser too. The question is most likely variable different answers.A hypothesis is an aswer that might explane the research with lots of evidence. 2). You are the supervisor of a call center. Lately, there have been many misdirected or dropped calls. Develop one or two research questions and three hypotheses that might account for misdirected or dropped calls. Two research questions would be; when are the calls being dropped and what shift are the calls being dropped the most mi An appropriate hypothesis for the following would consist of; the calls are being dropped due to inefficent training. Another hypothesis would be that the system is having the problem. Lastly a hypothesis for both of them could be the customers may have dropped the calls due to cell phone usage. 3). What are dependent variable and independent variable? Select a library article that uses the quantitative research method and identify the dependent variables and independent variable researched in the article. Dependent vriables rely on other informations and factors and independent stands alone. Many different type contributing factors often leads to the summary of certain authoritative senses. Whereas being that quantitative research would require large amounts of information and edivence the following the factors from the dependent variable the independent would create the ideal theme.. 4). Provide examples of primary, secondary, and tertiary information sources at your current place of employment. How has each one been used? Provide examples of primary, secondary, and tertiary information sources at your current place of employment. How has each one been used? All three sources are used in your everyday tasks but to clarify the fmain one in my workplace would classify as the initial workplace email. Since my job is connected all over the world when the job changes this the first place it goes is email and then mail. In any given situation, a change can be added at anytime seem promptly next would be secondary which will be mailing the offical letter that was sent in the mail. so that these matters no matter what they are can be discussed. Lastly the matter is handle in meeting which means the matter is very serious. 5). Identify a management dilemma you  face at work or at an organization with which you were previously employed. Using the Management-Research Question Hierarchy in Ch. 5 of the text, develop the management questions, research questions, investigative questions, and measurement questions. A management situaion whould be times if flight changes or theier need to bring parts to the company.

Choose To Have An Abortion Essay

Abortion, a word you have all heard or said. It is a word that has been in conversations and debates across the country. There is the pro-life side, and the pro-choice side. Abortion is a choice for women, not the government. Women today have the choice of self-determination, to determine whether or not they want to bear children. Religious leaders are trying to abolish the idea of separation of church and state by influencing the government into making a law that favors their religion. The government should not be influenced by these religions if they want to remain constitutional. How would you feel if you were a woman who has been unexpectedly impregnated and all of a sudden, you would have to drop everything you have done in your life, school, and work? How would your friends and family react to this? What would happen to your social status? This is the dilemma many women face who have had an unwanted pregnancy. Children have been born into homes that were not expecting a baby or unsuitable homes where the parents live in poverty. Children born into unsuitable homes will frequently have social, physical and mental problems. Whether the parents don’t have enough money to support the child, or there is an abusive parent, the child will be damaged and wont have a proper upbringing. â€Å"Unwanted children are [also] more likely to commit crimes.† If the child was expected and was planned, most likely the parents will take the proper precautions in having a baby, such as getting financially situated and having a nice home in a good neighborhood. Abortion can be very necessary in special cases. Consider this: a 12-year-old girl is walking home from her school, and she is raped. After a doctor’s checkup, she finds out that she is pregnant. This is a twelve-year-old girl, should she have to have a child when it wasn’t even her fault? She would have to care for this baby her entire life. But in this day and age, there is the choice of abortion. She and her family could take advantage of modern technology to save their daughter’s life. She could just put it up for adoption, right? Wrong. This poor girl would have to endure labor, and then the child would have to endure growing up without his or her real mother. There are also many problems with adoption. Adopted children will always have emotional issues concerning being adopted and dealing with the fact the parents they thought were their biological parents actually aren’t. Adopted  children frequently grow up to be problem teens and adults. So if adoption is your anti-abortion, then there are more complications than you thought. Abortion doesn’t stop with the legality issues. Abortions will still happen, whether they are legal or not. The problem is that these â€Å"back-alley† abortions are extremely unsafe. In past years, thousands of women have died from illegal abortions. The women who died were simply trying to practice their right to self-determination. The cultural and religious views of abortion continue to be an extremely heated debate. The Roman Catholic Church, Hinduism, and Buddhism teach that the soul enters the body at or before conception. Whereas Judaism, Islam, and–of course–Atheism, say that â€Å"the fetus is not yet a full human being, and thus killing a fetus is not murder.† The Roman Catholic Church is one of the most vocal of the religions. They say abortion is terminating a human life, but the other side disagrees. Now religious leaders, especially those from the Roman Catholic Church, are attempting to make their beliefs into laws for the entire country. They are attempting to abolish the law of separation of church and state, written in the Constitution. They say, that since most of the country believes that abortion is wrong, that means the other religions, that don’t believe that, should believe it anyway. They are disregarding the fact that they aren’t the only religion in the United States. Another idea in the Constitution is the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. If women have those constitutional rights, that means they have a right to have a life, and be happy. If being happy means not having a child, then their right is to have a choice of abortion. One other idea that an amendment to the Constitution states is the right of privacy. The fourteenth amendment says that a citizen has a right to privacy, or the right of a woman to terminate her pregnancy. Any law that makes abortion illegal violates the Due Process Clause of the fourteenth amendment, and therefore is unconstitutional. This idea was stated in the  Roe v. Wade decision. In conclusion, abortion should remain legal. Abortion should be a choice. Abortion should not be up to the government or any religious leaders; it should be a choice for the woman. The woman that has an unwanted pregnancy should decide whether she is able to support a baby, and whether she is able to provide a safe environment for a baby. To make abortion illegal, would be taking away a woman’s right to privacy, and her right to life, liberty and happiness. Just think about what you would do in a situation where you had an unwanted pregnancy that directly affected you. Keep thinking about the women out there that would have to raise a child under horrible conditions like poverty and abuse. Think about the children that would grow up in an unsuitable home, who do one thing wrong, and get persecuted by the government that could have saved their life. The government has a choice to make: A choice whether to listen to the religious leaders demanding that abortion is wrong, or to listen to the women and children who would be affected by this law. You decide whether you think abortion is killing a baby–or saving a life.